System and program for buffering work requests

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a technique for buffering work requests. It is determined that a work request is about to be placed into an in-memory structure. When the in-memory structure is not capable of storing the work request, a work request ordering identifier for the work request is stored into an overflow structure. When the in-memory structure is capable of storing the work request, a recovery stub is generated for the work request ordering identifier, and the recovery stub is stored into the in-memory structure.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation application of and claims the benefitof “METHOD, SYSTEM, AND PROGRAM FOR BUFFERING WORK REQUESTS”, havingapplication Ser. No. 10/768,581, filed Jan. 30, 2004, the entirecontents of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is related to buffering work requests.

2. Description of the Related Art

The term “workflow” may be used to describe tasks and data for businessprocesses. The data, for example, may relate to organizations or peopleinvolved in a business process and required input and output informationfor the business process. A workflow automation product allows creationof a workflow model to manage business processes. A workflow engine is acomponent in a workflow automation program that understands the tasks ofeach business process in the workflow and determines whether thebusiness process is ready to move to the next task.

A publish-subscribe pattern is a common pattern in distributedapplications and describes a pattern in which a publisher (e.g., anapplication program) generates work requests to be processed by one ormore subscribers (e.g., business processes), for example, as part of awork flow. The subscribers that receive the work requests are those thatare interested in the work requests and that have registered with thepublisher to receive the work requests of interest.

A work request may be described as a business object request because thework request is processed by a business process. For example, a workrequest may provide data (e.g., employee name and social securitynumber) and a description of what is to be done (e.g., creating,deleting, or updating an entry in a data store).

The publisher may dispatch work requests to an intermediary applicationprogram that stores the work requests in queues for each subscriber, andeach subscriber retrieves the work requests from an associated queue.Since the intermediary application program holds work requests in eachqueue until the work requests are retrieved by subscribers, sometimes, avery slow subscriber may not retrieve work requests at a fast rate,leaving many work requests in the queue. This may lead to the queuerunning out of entries for storing new work requests for thatsubscriber.

That is, one problem with the publisher-subscriber pattern is that thedelivery of work requests from the publisher may cause a queue tooverflow when a subscriber is slow to retrieve work requests from thequeue.

Thus, there is a need in the art for an improved technique forprocessing work requests for a system using a publish-subscribe pattern.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Provided are a method, system, and program for buffering work requests.It is determined that a work request is about to be placed into anin-memory structure. When the in-memory structure is not capable ofstoring the work request, a work request ordering identifier for thework request is stored into an overflow structure. When the in-memorystructure is capable of storing the work request, a recovery stub isgenerated for the work request ordering identifier, and the recoverystub is stored into the in-memory structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring now to the drawings in which like reference numbers representcorresponding parts throughout:

FIG. 1A illustrates, in a block diagram, a computing environment inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention.

FIG. 1B illustrates, in a block diagram, further details of a computingenvironment in accordance with certain implementations of the invention.

FIG. 1C illustrates, in a block diagram, yet further details of acomputing environment in accordance with certain implementations of theinvention.

FIG. 2A illustrates logic implemented in a business process inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention.

FIG. 2B illustrates logic implemented for moving work requests inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention.

FIG. 3A illustrates logic implemented when a work request is to bestored in an in-memory structure in accordance with certainimplementations of the invention.

FIG. 3B illustrates logic implemented when a work request is to bestored in an in-memory structure in accordance with certain alternativeimplementations of the invention.

FIG. 4A illustrates logic implemented when a work request is removedfrom an in-memory structure in accordance with certain implementationsof the invention.

FIGS. 4B, 4C, and 4D illustrate structures in accordance with certainimplementations of the invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates logic implemented in a flow control component inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates logic implemented in a work request reader inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates logic implemented in a work request reader forprocessing recovery stubs and work requests in accordance with certainimplementations of the invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates an architecture of a computer system that may be usedin accordance with certain implementations of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, reference is made to the accompanyingdrawings which form a part hereof and which illustrate severalimplementations of the present invention. It is understood that otherimplementations may be utilized and structural and operational changesmay be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Implementations of the invention buffer work requests for one or moresubscribers that are slow to retrieve work requests from their in-memorystructures (e.g., queues) that hold work requests. When an in-memorystructure becomes full and work requests continue to be sent to thesubscriber, the subscriber is said to be in an overflow state (i.e., thein-memory structure for the subscriber may overflow). Thus, in cases inwhich it is not possible to send a communication to the publisher tostop sending work requests or cases in which some subscribers wish toreceive work requests when other subscribers are in an overflow state,each subscriber may be configured such that, even if the subscriberreaches an overflow state, work requests are still delivered to thesubscribers that are not in overflow states without interruption. Then,the work requests for the subscribers in the overflow state are bufferedand sent to the subscribers when the subscribers are able to processmore work requests.

FIG. 1A illustrates, in a block diagram, a computing environment inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention. One or moreclient computers 100 a . . . 100 n are connected via a network 190 to aserver computer 120. For ease of reference, the designations of “a” and“n” after reference numbers (e.g., 100 a . . . 110 n) are used toindicate one or more elements (e.g., client computers). The clientcomputers 100 a . . . 100 n may comprise any computing device known inthe art, such as a server, mainframe, workstation, personal computer,hand held computer, laptop telephony device, network appliance, etc. Thenetwork 190 may comprise any type of network, such as, for example, aStorage Area Network (SAN), a Source Area Network (LAN), Wide AreaNetwork (WAN), the Internet, an Intranet, etc.

Each client computer 100 a . . . 100 n includes system memory 104 a . .. 104 n, respectively, which may be implemented in volatile and/ornon-volatile devices. One or more client applications 110 a . . . 110 nand client admin applications 112 a . . . 112 n may execute in thesystem memory 104 a . . . 104 n, respectively. The client applications110 a . . . 110 n may generate and submit work requests in the form ofmessages to the server computer 120 for execution. The client adminapplications 112 a . . . 112 n perform administrative functions.

The server computer 120 includes system memory 122, which may beimplemented in volatile and/or non-volatile devices. A data store engine160 is connected to the server computer 120 and to data store 170.

One or more work request readers 130, one or more business processes132, a recovery system 134, one or more structure processors 136, andone or more flow control components 138 execute in the system memory122. Additionally, one or more server applications 150 execute in systemmemory 122. One or more in-memory structures 140 (e.g., in-memoryqueues) may be stored in system memory 122. In certain implementationsof the invention, there is one in-memory structure 140 for each businessprocess 132, and one structure processor 136 for each in-memorystructure 140. One or more work request overflow structures (“overflowstructures”) 184 may also be stored in system memory 122 for eachbusiness process 132.

One or more transport structures 182 (e.g., queues) may be stored in adata store 180 connected to network 190. In certain implementations ofthe invention, there is one transport structure 182 associated with eachbusiness process 132. The transport structure 182 may be, for example, aMessage Queue (“MQ”) available from International Business MachinesCorporation, a Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)structure, or a JAVA® Message Service (JMS) structure. In certainimplementations of the invention, the transport structure 182 may bepersistent.

In certain implementations of the invention, such as in workflowsystems, the client applications 110 a . . . 110 n may be described as“publishers”, while the business processes 132 may be described as“subscribers”.

The work requests may be stored in both in-memory structures 140 and intransport structures 182 corresponding to the business processes 132that are to process the work requests. The work request reader 130retrieves a work request from a transport structure 182 associated witha business process 132 that is to execute the work request, and forwardsthe work request to the appropriate business process 132.

During recovery, recovery stubs 142 are generated in system memory 122by retrieving some data from log 172. In certain implementations of theinvention, the term “recovery stubs” 142 may be used to represent aportion of a work request. In certain implementations of the invention,a recovery stub includes a work request key that links together workrequests (e.g., a social security number for data about an individual),a work request ordering identifier that indicates the order in which thework request corresponding to the recovery stub was received by the workrequest reader 130, and a structure identifier that provides access tothe complete work request stored in one or more transport structures182. In certain implementations, the work request ordering identifier isa sequence number assigned to the work request. The log 172 providesinformation about work requests (e.g., a work request key, a workrequest ordering identifier, and a structure identifier) and the stateof the work requests (e.g., whether a work request was in progress whena system (e.g., server computer 120) failure occurred).

Although a single data store 170 is illustrated for ease ofunderstanding, data in data store 170 may be stored in multiple datastores at server computer 120 and/or other computers connected to servercomputer 120.

The data store 170 may comprise an array of storage devices, such asDirect Access Storage Devices (DASDs), Just a Bunch of Disks (JBOD),Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), virtualization device, etc.

FIG. 1B illustrates, in a block diagram, further details of a computingenvironment in accordance with certain implementations of the invention.In certain implementations, one client application 130 (“publisher”),one transport structure 182, one work request reader 130, one in-memorystructure 140, one structure processor 136, and one business process 132(“subscriber”) are associated with each other. In certain alternativeimplementations, a business process 132 may receive work requests frommultiple client applications 110.

In the illustration of FIG. 1B, the client application 110 a produceswork requests that are destined for the business process 132. The clientapplication 110 a may also communicate with the work request reader 130,for example, for administrative functions. In particular, the clientapplication 110 a sends work requests to the server computer 120 bystoring the work requests in transport structures 182, where onetransport structure 182 corresponds to one business process 132. Thework request reader 130 retrieves work requests from the transportstructure 182 and stores them in the in-memory structure 140 for thebusiness process 132. If the in-memory structure is full, the workrequest reader 130 stores the work request in a work request overflowstructure 184. The structure processor 136 retrieves work requests fromthe in-memory structure 140 and forwards the work requests to thebusiness process 132 for processing. Also, as work requests areretrieved from the in-memory structure 140, the flow control component138 stores the work requests from the work request overflow structure184 into the in-memory structure 140. After completing a work request, abusiness process 132 removes the work request from the appropriatetransport structure 182 and performs other processing to clean up thetransport structure 182. Additionally, a flow control component 138monitors work requests being transferred by the work request reader 130into the in-memory structure 140 and work requests removed from thein-memory structure 140. The flow control component 138 may assist incontrolling the flow of work requests.

FIG. 1C illustrates, in a block diagram, yet further details of acomputing environment in accordance with certain implementations of theinvention. In particular, in FIG. 1C, a single client application 110 amay send work requests that are processed by a single work requestreader 130 for multiple business processes 133 a, 133 b, 133 c.

FIG. 2A illustrates logic implemented in a business process 132 inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention. Control beginsat block 200 with the business process 132 registering with one or moreclient applications 110 a . . . 110 n for certain types of workrequests. In certain implementations, each work request includes a typefield. Then, when a work request is generated by a client application110 a . . . 110 n, the type of the work request is determined, thebusiness processes 132 that registered for that type of work request aredetermined, and the work request is sent, by the client application 110a . . . 110 n, to the transport structures 182 for the determinedbusiness processes 132. In alternative implementations, work requestsand business processes 132 may be associated using other techniques(e.g., all business processes 132 receive all work requests and processthe desired ones).

In block 210, the business process 132 is configured for a maximumnumber of work requests that may be stored by the business process atany given time, and this maximum number is also referred to as a“maximum limit.” In certain implementations, a user, such as a systemadministrator, sets the maximum limit. In certain implementations, themaximum limit is equivalent to the number of work requests that may bestored in an in-memory structure 140 for the business process 132. Inblock 220, a blocking type is specified for the in-memory structure 140for the business process 132. In block 230, other processing may occur.

In certain implementations, a blocking type may be associated with anin-memory structure 140 for a business process 132. The blocking type isset to a first value (e.g., “blocking”) to indicate that a clientapplication 110 a . . . 110 n should be blocked from sending additionalwork requests when a maximum limit is reached for a business process.The blocking type is set to a second value (e.g., “non-blocking”) toindicate that work requests are to be stored in a work request overflowstructure 184 for a business process when a maximum limit is reached forthat business process.

FIG. 2B illustrates logic implemented for moving work requests inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention. Control beginsin block 250 with a client application (e.g., 110 a) generating a workrequest. In block 260, the client application 110 a . . . 110 n storesthe work request in a transport structure 182 for the associatedbusiness process 132. If more than one business process 132 is toprocess the same work request, then the client application 110 a . . .110 n stores the work request in the transport structure 182 for eachappropriate business process 132. In block 270, the work request reader130 retrieves the work request from the transport structure 182 for theassociated business process. In block 280, the work request reader 130stores the work request in an in-memory structure 140 for the associatedbusiness process 132.

FIG. 3A illustrates logic implemented when a work request is to bestored in an in-memory structure 140 in accordance with certainimplementations of the invention. Control begins in block 300 with theflow control component 138 “intercepting” a work request transferred bythe work request reader 130 to the in-memory structure 140. The term“intercepting” describes monitoring by the flow control component 138and detecting that the work request is being transferred into or out ofan in-memory structure 140. The processing of block 300 may occurperiodically. In certain implementations, the work request reader 130registers with the flow control component 138 so that the flow controlcomponent 138 can monitor work requests being transferred by the workrequest reader 130.

In block 310, the flow control component 138 compares the maximum limitagainst the number of work requests in the in-memory structure 140. Inblock 320, if the maximum limit has been reached or work requests arestored in work request overflow structure 184, processing continues toblock 330, otherwise, processing continues to block 340. Thus, a workrequest is stored in the overflow structure 184 when the in-memorystructure 140 is not capable of storing the work request. The in-memorystructure 140 is not capable of storing work requests when the maximumlimit has been reached or work requests remain in the overflow structure184. That is, in certain implementations, work requests are not storedin the in-memory structure 140 until all work requests in the workrequest overflow structure 184 have been moved into the in-memorystructure 140.

In block 330, the flow control component 138 stores a work requestordering identifier into a work request overflow structure 184 for thebusiness process for which the work request was intercepted. In block340, the work request reader 130 stores the work request in thein-memory structure 140.

For example, in certain implementations, if the maximum limit is 10 workrequests, when the 11^(th) work request is intercepted by the flowcontrol component 138, the flow control component 138 stores the 11^(th)work request in a work request overflow structure 184.

Thus, in certain implementations, as work requests beyond the maximumlimit are sent by one or more client applications 110 a . . . 110 n to abusiness process 132, work requests for the business process 132 arestored in a work request overflow structure 184. Thus, if one businessprocess 132 reaches its maximum limit, then the other business processes132 are not impacted.

FIG. 3B illustrates logic implemented when a work request is to bestored in an in-memory structure 140 in accordance with certainalternative implementations of the invention. Control begins in block350 with the flow control component 138 “intercepting” a work requesttransferred by the work request reader 130 to the in-memory structure140. In block 355, the flow control component 138 compares the maximumlimit against the number of work requests in the in-memory structure140. In block 360, if the maximum limit has been reached or workrequests are stored in work request overflow structure 184, processingcontinues to block 365, otherwise, processing continues to block 385.

In block 365, the flow control component determines whether a blockingtype (e.g., flag) is set to non-blocking. If so processing continues toblock 370, otherwise, processing continues to block 375. In block 370,the flow control component 138 stores a work request ordering identifierinto a work request overflow structure 184 for the business process forwhich the work request was intercepted. In block 375, the flow controlcomponent 138 notifies the work flow mover 130 to notify the clientapplication 110 a . . . 110 n that sent the intercepted work request tostop sending work requests. From block 375, processing loops back toblock 350. In certain implementations, a notification indicator (e.g.,flag) may be set for the business processes. In this case, in block 375,the notification is sent only if the notification indicator is set toindicate that a notification is to be sent.

In block 385, the work request reader 130 stores the work request in thein-memory structure 140. In block 390, if the flow control component 138determines that the client application 110 a . . . 110 n was previouslynotified to stop delivering work requests, processing continues to block395, otherwise, processing loops back to block 350. In block 395, theflow control component 138 notifies the work flow mover 130 to notifyone or more client applications 110 a . . . 110 n that were previouslynotified to stop sending work requests to start sending work requests.Then, processing loops back to block 350.

Thus, in certain implementations, as work requests beyond the maximumlimit set for a business process 132 are received for that businessprocess 132, if a blocking type for the in-memory structure 140associated with the business process is set to “non-blocking,” workrequests are stored in work request overflow structures 184.

FIG. 4A illustrates logic implemented when a work request is removedfrom an in-memory structure 140 in accordance with certainimplementations of the invention. Control begins at block 400 with theflow control component 138 intercepting a work request being removedfrom in-memory structure 140. In block 410, if the flow controlcomponent 138 determines that there are one or more work requestordering identifiers in a work request overflow structure 184,processing continues to block 420, otherwise, processing loops back toblock 400. In block 420, the flow control component 138 creates arecovery stub for a work request ordering identifier in the work requestoverflow structure 132. In block 430, the flow control component 138stores the recovery stub 142 in the in-memory structure 140. In block440, the flow control component 132 removes the work request orderingidentifier from the work request overflow structure 184.

FIGS. 4B, 4C, and 4D illustrate structures 450, 460, and 470 inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention. FIG. 4Billustrates an in-memory structure 450 for a business process 132. Thein-memory structure 450 contains four work requests. Each work requestincludes a work request key that links together work requests (e.g., asocial security number for data about an individual), a work requestordering identifier that indicates the order in which the work requestwas received by the work request reader 130, a structure identifier thatprovides access to the work request stored in one or more transportstructures 182, and data. In this example, in-memory structure 450 isfull. When a fifth work request is received, a work request orderingidentifier is stored for the work request in a work request overflowstructure 460, illustrated in FIG. 4C.

FIG. 4D illustrates in-memory structure 450 for the business process 132that includes a recovery stub. After a work request has been removedfrom the in-memory structure 450, a recovery stub 142, generated fromthe work request ordering identifier in work request overflow structure460, is stored in the in-memory structure 450. The recovery stubincludes a work request key, a work request ordering identifier, and astructure identifier. In certain implementations, the recovery stubs 142do not include data, while work requests do include data.

FIG. 5 illustrates logic implemented in a flow control component 138 inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention. Control beginsin block 500 with the flow control component 138 comparing the maximumlimit of each business process 132 against the number of work requestsin the respective in-memory structures 140. The processing of block 500may occur periodically. In block 510, if the maximum limit has beenreached for a predetermined number of business processes 132, processingcontinues to block 520, otherwise, processing continues to block 530. Incertain implementations, the predetermined number is equivalent to allof the business processes 132.

In block 520, the flow control component 138 notifies the work flowmover 130 to notify one or more client applications 110 a . . . 110 n tostop sending work requests. From block 520, processing loops back toblock 500. In certain implementations, the work flow mover 130 isassociated with one or more client applications 110 a . . . 110 n, andthe notification is sent to these client applications 110 a . . . 110 n.In certain implementations, a notification indicator may be set for thebusiness processes. In this case, in block 520, the notification is sentonly if the notification indicator is set to indicate that anotification is to be sent.

In block 530, if the flow control component 138 determines that anyclient application 110 a . . . 110 n was previously notified to stopdelivering work requests, processing continues to block 550, otherwise,processing loops back to block 500. In block 550, the flow controlcomponent 138 notifies the work flow mover 130 to notify one or moreclient applications 110 a . . . 110 n that were previously notified tostop sending work requests to start sending work requests. Then,processing loops back to block 500.

Thus, in certain implementations, if a maximum limit is reached for eachof a predetermined number of business processes 132, one or more clientapplications 110 a . . . 110 n are notified to stop sending workrequests.

FIG. 6 illustrates logic implemented in a work request reader 130 inaccordance with certain implementations of the invention. Control beginsat block 600 with the work request reader 130 receiving a notificationfrom the flow control component 138. In block 610, if the notificationis to notify a client application 110 a . . . 110 n to stop deliveringwork requests, processing continues to block 620, otherwise, processingcontinues to block 630. In block 620, the work request reader 130notifies the client admin 112 a . . . 112 n of the client application110 a . . . 110 n to stop delivering work requests.

In block 630, if the notification is to notify a client application 110a . . . 110 n to start delivering work requests, processing continues toblock 640, otherwise, processing continues to block 650. In block 640,the work request reader 130 notifies the client admin 112 a . . . 112 nof the client application 110 a . . . 110 n to start delivering workrequests. In block 650, other processing may occur. For example, if anotification that the work request reader 130 is not able to process isreceived, error processing may occur.

Thus, in cases in which a client application 110 a . . . 110 n has beendesigned such that the client application 110 a . . . 110 n cannot becontrolled (e.g., throttled) or cannot receive communications from, forexample, business processes 132, it is still desirable to control thein-memory structures 140 so that they do not overflow and work requestsare not discarded in the case of an overflow state. Therefore,implementations of the invention prevent the in-memory structures 140from overflowing and avoid discarding work requests by allowing for workrequests received for an in-memory structure that is full to be storedin a separate work request overflow structure 184. The work requests inthe work request overflow structure 184 may be redelivered in properorder back to the in-memory structure 140 to be retrieved by theassociated business process.

FIG. 7 illustrates logic implemented in a work request reader forprocessing recovery stubs and work requests in accordance with certainimplementations of the invention. Control begins at block 700 with thestructure processor 136 retrieving a next item from an in-memorystructure 140, starting with a first item. In block 710, the structureprocessor 136 determines whether the item is a recovery stub. If so,processing continues to block 720, otherwise, processing continues toblock 730. In block 720, the structure processor 136 converts therecovery stub into a complete work request by retrieving the completework request for which the recover stub was created from a transportstructure 182. In certain implementations, the work request orderingidentifier may be used to locate the complete work request in thetransport structure 182. In block 730, the structure processor 136forwards the complete work request to a business process 132. In certainalternative implementations, the structure processor 136 is called bythe business process 132 to retrieve a work request.

IBM, DB2, OS/390, UDB, and Informix are registered trademarks or commonlaw marks of International Business Machines Corporation in the UnitedStates and/or other countries. JAVA® is a registered trademark or commonlaw mark of Sun Microsystems.

Additional Implementation Details

The described techniques for buffering work requests may be implementedas a method, apparatus or article of manufacture using standardprogramming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware,hardware, or any combination thereof. The term “article of manufacture”as used herein refers to code or logic implemented in hardware logic(e.g., an integrated circuit chip, Programmable Gate Array (PGA),Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), hardware component,etc.) or a computer readable medium, such as magnetic storage medium(e.g., hard disk drives, floppy disks, tape, etc.), optical storage(CD-ROMs, optical disks, etc.), volatile and non-volatile memory devices(e.g., EEPROMs, ROMs, PROMs, RAMs, DRAMs, SRAMs, firmware, programmablelogic, etc.). Code in the computer readable medium is accessed andexecuted by a processor. The code in which preferred embodiments areimplemented may further be accessible through a transmission media orfrom a file server over a network. In such cases, the article ofmanufacture in which the code is implemented may comprise a transmissionmedia, such as a network transmission line, wireless transmission media,signals propagating through space, radio waves, infrared signals, etc.Thus, the “article of manufacture” may comprise the medium in which thecode is embodied. Additionally, the “article of manufacture” maycomprise a combination of hardware and software components in which thecode is embodied, processed, and executed. Of course, those skilled inthe art will recognize that many modifications may be made to thisconfiguration without departing from the scope of the present invention,and that the article of manufacture may comprise any information bearingmedium known in the art.

The logic of FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, and 5-7 describes specificoperations occurring in a particular order. In alternativeimplementations, certain of the logic operations may be performed in adifferent order, modified or removed. Moreover, operations may be addedto the above described logic and still conform to the describedimplementations. Further, operations described herein may occursequentially or certain operations may be processed in parallel, oroperations described as performed by a single process may be performedby distributed processes.

The illustrated logic of FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, and 5-7 may beimplemented in software, hardware, programmable and non-programmablegate array logic or in some combination of hardware, software, or gatearray logic.

FIG. 8 illustrates an architecture 800 of a computer system that may beused in accordance with certain implementations of the invention. Clientcomputer 100 and/or server computer 120 may implement computerarchitecture 800. The computer architecture 800 may implement aprocessor 802 (e.g., a microprocessor), a memory 804 (e.g., a volatilememory device), and storage 810 (e.g., a non-volatile storage area, suchas magnetic disk drives, optical disk drives, a tape drive, etc.). Anoperating system 805 may execute in memory 804. The storage 810 maycomprise an internal storage device or an attached or network accessiblestorage. Computer programs 806 in storage 810 may be loaded into thememory 804 and executed by the processor 802 in a manner known in theart. The architecture further includes a network card 808 to enablecommunication with a network. An input device 812 is used to provideuser input to the processor 802, and may include a keyboard, mouse,pen-stylus, microphone, touch sensitive display screen, or any otheractivation or input mechanism known in the art. An output device 814 iscapable of rendering information from the processor 802, or othercomponent, such as a display monitor, printer, storage, etc. Thecomputer architecture 800 of the computer systems may include fewercomponents than illustrated, additional components not illustratedherein, or some combination of the components illustrated and additionalcomponents.

The computer architecture 800 may comprise any computing device known inthe art, such as a mainframe, server, personal computer, workstation,laptop, handheld computer, telephony device, network appliance,virtualization device, storage controller, etc. Any processor 802 andoperating system 805 known in the art may be used.

The foregoing description of implementations of the invention has beenpresented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise formdisclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light ofthe above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention belimited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claimsappended hereto. The above specification, examples and data provide acomplete description of the manufacture and use of the composition ofthe invention. Since many implementations of the invention can be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, theinvention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.

1. An article of manufacture comprising a computer-readable storage medium including a program for buffered work requests, wherein the program when executed by a computer causes operations to be performed, the operations comprising: determining that a work request is about to be placed into an in-memory structure for a business process, wherein the work request includes a work request ordering identifier that indicates an order in which the work request was received, a structure identifier that provides access to the work request stored in one or more transport structures, and data; determining whether the in-memory structure is capable of storing the work request and whether one or more work request ordering identifiers are stored in an overflow structure for the business process; in response to determining that either the in-memory structure is not capable of storing the work request or one or more work request ordering identifiers are stored in the overflow structure for the business process, storing the work request ordering identifier for the work request into the overflow structure for the business process, wherein work requests for at least one other business process that is not in an overflow state and does not have any work request ordering identifiers stored in another overflow structure for that business process are capable of being stored in an in-memory structure for that business process without interruption; and in response to determining that the in-memory structure is subsequently capable of storing the work request having the work request ordering identifier that was stored in the overflow structure, storing the work request into the in-memory structure for the business process based on the work request ordering identifier stored in the overflow structure by: determining that a different work request has been removed from the in-memory structure; generating a recovery stub for the work request ordering identifier for the work request, wherein the recovery stub includes the work request ordering identifier and the structure identifier that provides access to the work request including data stored in the one or more transport structures; and storing the recovery stub into the in-memory structure.
 2. The article of manufacture of claim 1, wherein the in-memory structure is not capable of storing the work request when a maximum limit of work requests has been reached.
 3. The article of manufacture of claim 2, wherein there are multiple in-memory structures and wherein the operations further comprise: determining that the maximum limit has been reached for a predetermined number of the multiple in-memory structures; and sending one or more notifications to one or more client applications that additional work requests are not to be sent.
 4. The article of manufacture of claim 1, wherein the in-memory structure is not capable of storing the work request when one or more work request ordering identifiers reside in the overflow structure.
 5. The article of manufacture of claim 1, wherein a blocking type is associated with the in-memory structure and wherein the operations further comprise: when the in-memory structure is not capable of storing the work request, if the blocking type is set to non-blocking, storing the work request ordering identifier into the overflow structure; and if the blocking type is set to blocking, sending a notification that additional work requests are not to be sent.
 6. The article of manufacture of claim 1, wherein the work request is sent from a publisher to a subscriber.
 7. The article of manufacture of claim 6, wherein the subscriber retrieves the work request from the in-memory structure.
 8. A computer system having logic for buffering work requests, wherein the logic is executed by the computer system, the logic comprising: determining that a work request is about to be placed into an in-memory structure for a business process, wherein the work request includes a work request ordering identifier that indicates an order in which the work request was received, a structure identifier that provides access to the work request stored in one or more transport structures, and data; determining whether the in-memory structure is capable of storing the work request and whether one or more work request ordering identifiers are stored in an overflow structure for the business process; in response to determining that either the in-memory structure is not capable of storing the work request or one or more work request ordering identifiers are stored in the overflow structure for the business process, storing the work request ordering identifier for the work request into the overflow structure for the business process, wherein work requests for at least one other business process that is not in an overflow state and does not have any work request ordering identifiers stored in another overflow structure for that business process are capable of being stored in an in-memory structure for that business process without interruption; and in response to determining that the in-memory structure is subsequently capable of storing the work request having the work request ordering identifier that was stored in the overflow structure, storing the work request into the in-memory structure for the business process based on the work request ordering identifier stored in the overflow structure by: determining that a different work request has been removed from the in-memory structure; generating a recovery stub for the work request ordering identifier for the work request, wherein the recovery stub includes the work request ordering identifier and the structure identifier that provides access to the work request including data stored in the one or more transport structures; and storing the recovery stub into the in-memory structure.
 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the in-memory structure is not capable of storing the work request when a maximum limit of work requests has been reached.
 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein there are multiple in-memory structures and further comprising: determining that the maximum limit has been reached for a predetermined number of the multiple in-memory structures; and sending one or more notifications to one or more client applications that additional work requests are not to be sent.
 11. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the in-memory structure is not capable of storing the work request when one or more work request ordering identifiers reside in the overflow structure.
 12. The computer system of claim 8, wherein a blocking type is associated with the in-memory structure and further comprising: when the in-memory structure is not capable of storing the work request, if the blocking type is set to non-blocking, storing the work request ordering identifier into the overflow structure; and if the blocking type is set to blocking, sending a notification that additional work requests are not to be sent.
 13. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the work request is sent from a publisher to a subscriber.
 14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein the subscriber retrieves the work request from the in-memory structure. 